Epilepsy with Seizures Precipitated by Light Stimulation

Photosensitivity (PS) is an abnormal brain response to light stimuli such as flickering lights, video games, TV, and visual patterns. It is observed in 2–5% of epilepsy patients, particularly among adolescents and women.

Photosensitive epilepsy is linked to various seizure types

Eyelid myoclonus
Generalized myoclonic jerks
Absence seizures
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Focal seizures

Patients with PS can be categorized into three groups

Only photically induced seizures
Both spontaneous and photosensitive seizures
Asymptomatic individuals with light sensitivity on EEG

Factors that trigger photosensitive seizures

Television-induced seizures
  • Flickering screens
  • Closeness of the screen
  • Brightness level
  • Room light contrast
  • LCD/Plasma screens
Video game-induced seizures
  • Flashing multicolored screens (15 Hz)
  • Bright flashing lights
  • Electronic screen games
  • Photosensitivity (70% seizures)
  • Pattern sensitivity

Some tips to consider

  1. Watch TV from at least 2 meters away in a well-lit room and use a remote control.
  2. Use a 100 Hz TV and avoid watching for long periods, especially when tired or sleepy.
  3. Avoid playing video games during fatigue or insomnia, especially for those with epilepsy or a family history of PS.
  4. Photosensitive children should not play electronic games alone.

References

  1. Okudan ZV, Özkara Ç. Reflex epilepsy: triggers and management strategies. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Jan 18;14:327-337. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S107669. PMID: 29403278; PMCID: PMC5779309